Health experts have issued a fresh warning after new research found that sexually transmitted Shigella infections are spreading more rapidly in the UK and are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics.
The findings, published by researchers from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) and the University of Cambridge, show that sexually transmitted strains of the bacterial infection are now spreading significantly faster than non-sexually transmitted strains, prompting calls for greater awareness, earlier diagnosis and safer sexual health practices.
Although anyone can contract Shigella, health officials say cases remain disproportionately higher among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men, particularly within interconnected sexual networks.
What is Shigella?
Shigella is a bacterial infection that affects the digestive system and can cause severe diarrhoea, stomach cramps, fever and, in some cases, vomiting and dehydration.
The bacteria are usually spread through tiny amounts of infected faecal matter, meaning transmission can occur through contaminated food or water, poor hand hygiene and some forms of sexual contact. Because only a very small amount of bacteria is needed to cause infection, it spreads easily if appropriate hygiene precautions are not taken.
Most people recover within a week, but some infections require antibiotic treatment or hospital care.
Growing concern over antibiotic resistance
Researchers say one of the most worrying aspects of the latest findings is the growing resistance to commonly used antibiotics.
The study found that around 70% of sexually transmitted Shigella strains showed resistance to at least one clinically important antibiotic, making treatment more difficult and increasing the importance of early diagnosis.
Scientists described the trend as an emerging public health challenge that requires continued surveillance and greater awareness among both healthcare professionals and the public.
UKHSA advice
The UK Health Security Agency is encouraging anyone experiencing symptoms to avoid sexual contact until they have fully recovered and to seek medical advice if symptoms become severe or persistent.
People diagnosed with Shigella are also advised to maintain good hand hygiene, avoid preparing food for others while unwell and discuss sexual health testing with a clinic where appropriate.
Health professionals stress that the advice is intended to reduce transmission and protect both individuals and the wider community.
Sexual health remains an important part of wellbeing
Charities and sexual health organisations continue to encourage regular testing, open conversations and access to professional healthcare without stigma.
Routine sexual health checks remain an important part of looking after overall wellbeing, particularly for people with new or multiple sexual partners.
Many NHS sexual health clinics now offer confidential appointments, online advice and, in some areas, home testing services.
Experts emphasise that early diagnosis not only improves treatment outcomes but also helps prevent further transmission.
Supporting healthier communities
Campaigners say public health messages work best when they are clear, evidence-based and free from judgement.
The latest research highlights the importance of providing accurate information while avoiding stigma towards any particular community.
Healthcare organisations continue to encourage anyone experiencing symptoms—including persistent diarrhoea, stomach pain or fever—to seek medical advice promptly.
With antibiotic resistance becoming an increasing global challenge, experts say awareness, testing and early treatment remain the most effective tools for protecting public health.
Sources: UK Health Security Agency; University of Cambridge; NHS; BASHH; recent reporting on the study.